An intrauterine device (IUD) is considered one of the most reliable forms of contraception available. It consists of a small T-shaped plastic device placed inside the uterus by a healthcare professional. This contraceptive method, which is approximately the size of a quarter, functions by either emitting copper or the hormone progestin to inhibit pregnancy. There are two primary kinds of IUDs: copper-based IUDs and hormonal IUDs, each offering distinct advantages and factors to consider.

Copper-based IUDs work by releasing copper ions that are toxic to sperm, thereby preventing fertilization. They are non-hormonal and can be effective for up to 10 years, making them a convenient long-term birth control option for those who prefer to avoid hormonal methods.

Hormonal IUDs release progestin, a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone. This thickens cervical mucus to block sperm and may also prevent ovulation in some cases. Hormonal IUDs' effectiveness varies depending on the specific brand, typically lasting 5 years.

When considering an IUD as a birth control option, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable type based on individual preferences and medical history. Additionally, understanding the differences between copper-based and hormonal IUDs can help individuals make informed decisions regarding their reproductive health and family planning needs.